Motor Vehicle Accident Claims: Indian Laws

Indian laws on accident claims are quite stringent. The laws were formulated by prioritizing the best interests of the victims and those who are liable to disburse the compensation, such as insurance companies. Indian laws on motor vehicle accident claims are strict but beneficial for victims in claiming their legal rights in a court of law.

The Fatal Accidents Act, 1885 was enacted in India to protect the legal rights of the accident victims and their legal heirs. This Act entitles the legal heirs of a deceased accident victim to claim compensation from the person who committed negligence.
 

Indian Law on Accident Claims: Introduction of the Motor Vehicle Act

 
Indian law on accident claims is relevant due to the higher rates of accidents leading to loss of life and property across the country. In 1988, the Government of India introduced the Motor Vehicle Act, to make the Indian laws on accident claims more effective.
 
The Act provides for compulsory third party insurance and procedure of adjudication, to ensure relief to victims of accident cases. Also, the Act stipulates for establishment of Motor Accident Claims Tribunal to address the accident claim cases. This means that if you are a victim of a motor vehicle accident, your first point of reference to press for a claim is at the aforementioned tribunal that has been established to address similar claims.
 

Indian Law on Accident Claims: No Fault Basis and Mandatory Vehicle Insurance

 
Indian law on accident claims pertain mostly to the Motor Vehicle Act. Section 140 to 144 of the Act provides for No Fault Basis, which ensures relief to the families of victims who are killed in hit and run accidents, and where the killer vehicle is not identified. Compensation is granted, only if the following is proved:
  • Accident was caused by the offending vehicle.
  • The offending vehicle was insured.
  • Death or injuries were caused by the accident.
 
Section 145 to 164 of the Act provides for mandatory third party insurance, which is compulsory for a vehicle owner. This means that if you have a vehicle that you use to move in public places, you cannot do so legally unless you have an insurance policy. Typically, your insurance policy papers must always be kept in the car with your car registration and driving licence. Section 146(1) of the Act prohibits a vehicle owner from using the vehicle in a public place without undertaking an insurance policy in compliance with the Act.  
 
Further, the Act provides for unlimited liability and limited defense of the insurance companies. Several court judgments passed by the Supreme Court have restricted the legal defense strategies put forward by various insurance companies. Also, the liability to prove the limited defenses rests on the insurance companies.
 
The limited defenses allowed to be made by the insurance companies include:
  • Use of vehicle for racing and speed testing.
  • Use of vehicle not allowed by permit.
  • Divers without a valid Drivers license or who have been disqualified from owning Drivers license.
  • Void insurance policy due to non-disclosure of crucial facts.
Ref. lawisgreek.com

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